Today’s post-prayer breakfast was a rather tense one, I’m afraid to say. Shortly after E and C sat down to eat, G walked in, handed C a broken watch, and began insisting that C make good on his promised provision of a tire. Whatever details initially surrounded this ostensibly pre-arranged deal are unknown to me, but C’s response to G’s “request” seemed to suggest that one or both parties had either misunderstood or shifted away from the original terms of the bargain. The mildly heated verbal exchange that ensued only escalated when G’s accusations of misconduct modified to include C’s apparently having recently burned the collection of plastic buckets our neighbors on “the hill” use for seats. C replied that his committing the buckets to the communal fire barrel was an emergency; there was no wood left and he and R were desperately cold that evening. G was decidedly unmoved, however, and went on to complain how C’s “emergency” resulted in the barrel’s vent holes having become clogged by the melted plastic, rendering the make-shift furnace unusable. (Of course, the altercation was significantly more colorful and verbally freighted than the above description, resulting in Colin’s and my closely observant but deeply uneasy silence.) The argument only came to a close (at least for the moment) when, after G threatened to “put a knife on [C’s] neck”, Colin jumped in boldly to pronounce, “We don’t talk like that here.” (Well done, by the way, Colin.) G later apologized to Colin but, needless to say, this was not the breakfast we were anticipating when we had earlier concluded Morning Prayer!
Moments before Colin’s timely interruption, however, and seconds after C had angrily stormed from the Parish Hall, G interestingly turned to Colin and I for support in pleading his case against C. Theretofore having sat in a quiet disquietude, now Colin and I were being enlisted to back up G and the “justice” of his cause. And herein lies the reason for my post. It struck me that, for the first time, I was being asked to give something of a strictly limited quantity that two different people both equally and obviously wanted. For even though C never attempted to recruit our assessment of the matter in his defense, it seems simply the nature of such disputes that one always naturally desires the security that comes from having amassed for oneself the majority opinion. Thus, while G explicitly made such an appeal and C did not, both men clearly desired (or would have so) our outside judicial endorsement. And, as I said above, this presented me with a startling and puzzling new dilemma. For most of the time when “the guys” make a request, whether for food or socks or what have you, we are generally in a position of having, or being able to quickly obtain, sufficient supply for the meeting of the present demand. In this case, however, we had only one “yay” or “nay” to give respectively, one vote on a ballot of two competing candidates, and both men sought to have it. Though we ended up choosing to refrain from offering a judgment, it forced me to realize how ill-prepared I was for dealing with such a moment. For if I only have one X and yet said X is begged simultaneously by friends A and B, how do I proceed (justly, charitably, and prudentially) in such a situation? What kind of politics is involved with such a scenario and what kind of power relations are in play? I suppose, on one level, this is a manifestation of the generally perceived (which is not to say false) problem of scarcity. But, on another level, there is an economics involved in which my having anything at all becomes morally problematic in the face of those mutually agonistic ones who have none. What are we to do in such situations? How do we adjudicate these predicaments? To simply refrain from giving appears a dubious way to proceed (though in the above situation I still think it was the wisest move immediately and consciously available) but how then do we negotiate the ostensive lack? And what does this say about our giving as isolated individuals to those who ask versus our giving through the channels of the Church and her infinitely endless resources? Or how does what we offer at St. Joe’s as Colin, JR, and Adam either differ from or embody the provisions made available in/through/by/with the Church local and universal, and how might our answer complicate or amend the politics and supposed existence of such scarcity? As is increasingly common with my posts here, I have no idea what proper answers to the above might look like. I simply pose the questions in hopes that whatever thoughts or discussion may result might leave us better prepared for the inevitable moment when we are confronted with this bothersome quandary again.
Wednesday, March 25, 2009
Scarcity and the Gift
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Last night Colin, JR, and I began to discuss some of the questions I raised in this post. We didn't get very far but I thought I might try to put more meat on said questions' bones in hopes further conversation could be had. So, to provide a sample scenario to that end, what do we do as people with families when it comes to the apparent scarcity of time? Between our neighbors on "the hill" and our spouses, say, how do we negotiate who gets what of our limited but mutually demanded time? My interests in this type of question are twofold. First, I think it is pragmatically/prudentially beneficial to have gotten something of a grip on it in preparation for those moments when scarcity poses a problem for a particular act of gifting. But, secondly, I'm also curious about the politics/power differentials that comes from being in a position to have to make such decisions (especially as it relates to tangible goods) and how that does or does not affect our relationships with our neighbors on "the hill." Are these even legitimate questions or do they presuppose unspoken theological difficulties (perhaps with respect to the notion of scarcity)? Is it useful to ask such questions and, if so, to what purpose? At any rate, these are the things I've been thinking about lately.
First, way to go Colin indeed! Blessed are the peacemakers.
Secondly, interesting posts here Adam. I have little to add other than Jesus seems to have attracted similar attention: various poor or various religious leaders or whatever the case may be appealing to Him for justice/judgment. And now that my fingers are typing, Solomon had a couple ladies come to him too...
REV
Just as an update, today in class Stanley said something that very much resonated with the questions I'm asking in this post. He said that Christians today (especially we who claim to have fundamental problems with Constantinianism) had a long way to go in learning about the nature of hospitality. According to Stanley, we are willing and eager to welcome in the stranger, but we are neither interested in nor have the imaginative ability to give up the power that shields us from the possibility of entering into hospitality from the other end. In short, we're happy to offer hospitality but won't/can't receive it and, for precisely this reason, fail to understand its deep grammar, what it really is. It struck me that this is exactly the kind of issue I'm clumsily trying to feel out in this post. Are Colin, JR, and I truly acting with hospitality or are we engaged in something else, and, if the latter, what? For if real hospitality is to be identified by its openness to the reciprocity of gift-giving, the willingness to either receive freely or the assumption of a lifestyle that demands it, then what kind of (presumably power/pride based) activities are we engaged in? In whatever it is that we're doing, I, at least, need to incorporate a much more penitent and corrective set of practices along these lines (e.g., would I have enough trust in our neighbors on "the hill" to eat the breakfast that they might offer me?). And, unsurprisingly, it seems I have a lot to learn from folks like Concrete and T about how to enter the waters of a hospitality that flows both ways. ... But perhaps finally allowing myself to receive the virtuous benefits that are the gifts of their example and precept is the best place to begin with all this anyway...
Ok, Adam, now that you've asked like 400 questions in this one post, I reckon we have to start addressing one or two.
On the original post, I think we have to get over the notion that we have something of value. We have stuff, yeah. We have the ability to offer affirmation, sure. But these are not fundamentally in short supply. And even if I have very little, that too is on the table. So, morally, having much seems to be equivalent to having very little if it is always in the offering plate.
As to taking sides, depending on the situation it may or may not be appropriate. Regardless I think it's valuable not to fall into the trap of seeing everything in classic economic terms of scarcity, i.e. there's not enough to go around so the fundamental question must be: who gets what little there is? Read Sam's book. Think abundance. Academia will try to make you think scarcity. Screw that.
As to your more recent comment: We have to be able to receive from the guys. There are a couple of ways this may happen. One less obvious way is that when Crete shows up at your house unannounced, you let him in. I think there is a temptation to see hospitality as the reception that you plan to give, i.e. that you invite someone in before the situation is awkward. In that case it is, as you say, often a problem to receive hospitality in return because you have basically budgeted the stranger into your time and resources at the beginning of the month. On the other hand if you receive the stranger (or friend) in the spontaneous visit, there is no reason to interpret the situation as you having something to give apart from his giving himself to visit you. It seems to me that in this case it's a mutual giving. Crete offers a blessing on your house and you offer him a respite.
Another way to receive hospitality is simply to accept when someone offers it to you unsolicited. One of the guys got upset with me one day because he offered me some money and I declined. He was upset that we always gave to him but that he never could give us anything. Bad move on my part, I suppose. It's hard to say. My inclination now is to accept whatever they have to give in charity.
I'm not sure I follow on the ways in which we are not willing to receive their charity, or how our lifestyles preclude it. You mention accepting the lunch prepared by the guys. Well, without getting picky about who is constituted by "the guys" Terry cooked us breakfast a couple of times, for example. The only examples of not receiving their hospitality that I can think of have been the instance above concerning the offer of money and offers to play cards with them (to which I admit that I probably should have answered affirmatively).
Thoughts?
That’s helpful, JR. Thanks for entertaining my psychosis. ☺
I want to push back a little on a couple of points, though, for fear I didn’t sufficiently communicate what I’ve been driving at. Please don’t interpret the shortness in tone or argument in what follows as terseness, though. I’m just trying to keep my responses (and paragraphs) as brief as I can think how to do.
For starters, then, as to whether or not we have something of value we may “need to get over”, I’m afraid I’ll need a little help in understanding what you mean. Is this a challenge to the value side of things (i.e., of our being in possession of things of inherent worth) or the having side of things (i.e., of our being in possession of things of inherent worth)? The answer to that question being temporarily on hold, I must go on to say that while we are hopefully living in such a way that everything we have is indeed “in the offering plate”, surely the assertion of that fact yet misses the point towards which I’ve been (poorly) gesturing. Yes, the widow, in giving her mite, gave as much or more than most of the far wealthier people in her context, but this doesn’t seem to address the difficulties surrounding the realities and power relations (presumably even amongst friends) that resulted in her only having a mite to give to being with. Thus, while the posture we work to assume towards the “guys” is one in which we carry our respective possessions (understood as broadly as possible) with a completely open hand, surely the fact that our open hand carries so disproportionately much makes a difference or has an effect in some form or other on our collective and respective relationships with them. The diagnosis of that difference/effect is what I’m trying to think through here and what such means for our understanding/practice of hospitality. Note: though this is somewhat off topic, it just occurred to me that my thinking on hospitality has likely been shaped significantly by Derrida’s and Milbank’s analyses of the indebtedness that necessarily results from being the recipient of a gift (or, correlatively, hospitality). Perhaps their influence has produced a malformation of thought but, at present, I agree with them to the extent that they hold any act of gifting always to be a matter of mutual exchange. Whether or not that insight helps parse or correct what I’m after I’ll leave to you, my intellectual betters, but it seems to suggest some need for exploration into how that exchange relationship works when the parties involved have quantitatively (I’m intentionally leaving the qualitative dimension unaddressed at this point) lopsided resources from which to draw in the enactment of said exchange.
Moving on, yes, I really do need to read Wells’ book. In the meantime, though, and related to the immediately preceding paragraph, it seems to me that there needs to be a distinction made between ontological, eschatological, or even phenomenological (as read by Marion) scarcity and the kind of scarcity that names the presently realized experience of unequally distributed or spatially/personally unavailable goods. I think it is almost certainly right to reject notions that would claim the former type of scarcity is either real or possibly so. But the existence of the latter just seems empirically and experientially to be the case. So, to take the example of time from my first follow-up post, in Christ we have the good of time in staggering ontological and eschatological abundance! Yet this does not change the fact that I cannot simultaneously be driving Concrete to a motel and be having dinner with my wife and son at the same time. However realized our eschatologies may be, there remains a “not yet” of some sort or other with respect to the “already” and this alone, it seems, creates the space for a (perhaps, the only) legitimate understanding scarcity in the present. And if this is not the case, I need a fuller way to account for the arguments I have with my wife about her proper positioning among the various practices/people who otherwise appear to be engaged in some form of competition over my limited time and attention. Similarly, without C and G’s presenting me with a baby to be cut in half, as it were, I need to know how my inability to say “ay” to either doesn’t represent the inherent scarcity with respect to choice that is entailed in the event of any actual either/or. As it stands, however, when properly understood, the problem of scarcity seems to be an entirely legitimate concern. If Wells’ work helpfully resolves the matter, I’m grateful for the resource, happy to receive correction, and beg your patience with respect to my ignorance in the meantime.
Your third and fourth paragraphs I agree with completely. I’m fairly confident that receptivity to these kinds of actions are as close as I’ve thus far come in approximating real hospitality. But as I hope you discerned, my immediately preceding post was intended more as a personal confession than any pronouncement of judgment on you or Colin. Indeed, I am keenly aware of how off pace I am in following your personal examples and acquired experience. At any rate, as to what I was confessing in the above, ashamedly I have to admit purposefully not having eaten the breakfasts Terry made for us, actually having that failure in mind in writing what I did. I was thinking too about the surprisingly polychromatic discomfort I feel when T offers and we accept food or gifts for the Dude. In essence, it bothers me that T’s gifts bother me and part of these series of posts is an attempt to identity and purge what that unease is about. Whether or not any of this new post clarifies anything in the previous, I don’t know, but I figured I take a shot.
By the way, the word of the day is “prolix.”
Oops. I meant to say that I agreed with your fourth and fifth paragraphs. See! There's another instance of actual scarcity: the scarcity of my mind's working correctly for prolonged periods of time!
Hey, man. First of all, I'm not sure the tone of my comment came through as playfully as it was meant. I hope that's how you took it.
Now, on the point of income inequality (so to speak): I think I understand exactly what you are saying. Colin and I discussed this a lot at one time under a slightly different paradigm. That is, how do you have a true friendship with someone whom you leave out in the cold every winter evening while you go back to your warm house and watch the NFL on television?
Or, perhaps more subtly, how do you have a real friendship with someone for whom you are always the "have" and he/she is always the "have not", i.e. when reciprocity is doubted by both sides?
I think the answer is, You can't.
There has to be a willingness on both sides to give and receive. To use language that I'm not really fond of, that means for example that the "have" has to create sufficient "space" for the "have not" to realize that he actually has something. The "have" has to make it clear that the relation is not ultimately going to be defined by that material inequality. And the "have not" has to be willing to offer what he/she does have. It's forever a mutual engagement.
I think we start to see the first fruits of friendship when both parties feel safe both offering what they "have" and receiving what the other offers.
This is, I think, a slightly more back-door attempt to deconstruct the inequality in the first place. There is no fundamental disproportion. Rather, we have been aculturated to think we have a lot of valuable stuff, while the other fellow has been convinced that he doesn't have anything of value. That's just not the case.
Is that any more on target from your point of view?
I haven't read Milbank and Derrida, but I have to say that I balk at a framework based on indebtedness. I suppose we'll talk more about this when I've read some.
As to limited time and attention, I think you have to approach this in terms of virtue. I don't know what that boils down to in the form of a concise answer, but I think it's problematic to treat these as one-off instances that demand a principled response. Sounds a little like casuistry to me.
We cannot say yes to every request the guys make, but we must be the type of people from whom they can accept a "no" without suspicion. Our comportment must be such that they recognize that a "no" is not a selfish evasion but a recognition of obligations to family. It must not be turning one's back on another but an honest appraisal of what must be done in the moment. This, I think, is a firm stance based on virtue. It requires constancy and charity, as well as prudence.
Our demeanor has thus far, I think, erred, if at all, on the side of always saying yes. My thoughts on this is that in order to cross that gap of suspicion that we have had to make ourselves vulnerable to the guys in ways that ultimately will not be required in a true friendship. Friends, for example, will not scam one another, but I think it is important that the guys be convinced that we are willing to be scammed for their sake, and for us to submit to that deceit and humiliation, in order to convince them of our genuine engagement.
Gotta go pray. Let me know if this makes sense.
You do not disappoint, sir: that’s very helpful (and not just in modeling the composition of shorter paragraphs).
I think the bit about requiring virtue when faced with an either/or situation is exactly right. I still have anxieties about the existence of inequalities (which I’ll explain below) that I worry might interfere with our proper habituation into the virtues sufficient for us to make good either/or decisions, but I certainly am in agreement that the ongoing acquisition and use of virtue is crucial. And I think the way you narrate the character of our friendship with “the guys” is quite constructive, as well. It helps me to better place our heretofore almost immediate and default “yes” in a way that gives me more to hope for than I had really considered previously; namely, a time in the future when “the guys” might refuse to ask for or finagle a “yes” when they perceive (or more frequently stop to consider that) a “no” would better serve my family or me (not because I want to avoid being inconvenienced but rather because it would be a sign of the birth of real reciprocity, mutual concern, and actual friendship).
The only remaining thing I think I need help with is regarding your deconstruction of material inequality. Leaving Derrida and Milbank’s understanding of gift-giving aside for the moment (while important, I don’t think it will matter on this particular point), perhaps we might return to the widow’s mite. For while I wholeheartedly concur that the societal script which says the “have nots” are intrinsically of no worth and/or have nothing of (or at least something of lesser) value to offer is a damnable lie (along with it’s mirror image with respect to the “haves”), I still can’t shake the perception that disproportionally distributed goods are somehow problematic. Two reasons spring to mind.
First, I don’t yet want to concede that at least some of the material possessions we have are not or can not be goods in an Aristotelian/Thomistic sense. That is, I want to maintain the idea that at least some of our stuff constitutes actual goods (e.g., via their participation in God’s beauty, their facilitation of our growth in truth, or simply as a result of their nature as creatures). Our goods can be good precisely and only because of their participation in the Good and this is good both for good goods and the good of those who have said good goods. [Remember Wittgenstein’s line about how the repeated recitation of a word eventually makes it lose meaning? I really enjoyed getting to illustrate that just now...because I am a dork.] All this does not mean that those with more goods are somehow better people, whatever “better” might mean, but it would certainly seem to mean or effect something. And though I suspect my thinking is somewhat muddled on this point and its relation to our discussion, I guess the take home message is that I worry that what you’ve outlined either removes the participatory nature of goods in the Good or else too strongly discounts the same and its effects on those who enjoy/lack them. The lingering questions for me are of how material goods participate in the Good, what the effect of having/lacking such good goods has on those who have/lack them, and what this effect means for how the “haves” and “have nots” naturally and consequently relate.
Secondly, and this is in relation to the widow’s mite, how does that parable work exactly if the widow’s lack of goods is of no real consequence? One response might be to say that, despite her lack of goods, surely she nevertheless participates in the Good to a greater degree than those with significantly more. But isn’t this precisely because she has no goods? Doesn’t the effect of having or lacking goods, whatever effect that might be, serve as the hinge on which the story turns? And if so, is this really only a cultural pivot point in the story? Again, it seems the possession of goods or the lack thereof is of itself an importance that requires consideration.
Those points aside, though, I should say that the deconstruction you’ve given certainly does much to lessen my worries about inequality with respect to the possession of goods. The seemingly serious problems that such poses appear far less damaging or inhibitive to hospitality/friendship than I’d initially thought them to be.
Am I still missing something?
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